Realistic materials are the goal of many artists so, I'm going to tell you how to calculate the specular value based on the IOR value to make your materials more realistic.
You may think that you will need to search for or google the IOR value for your material and calculate that using the equation but I'll provide everything you need here in this article. So, everything is in one place. I provide a tool where you can get the specular value automatically without doing any calculations. However, I would like to make you understand how things work so I'll explain the equation and the things behind the scenes.
Each material in nature has an Index Of Refraction (IOR). "It defining how much the ray changes direction" that's what the blender manual says about this value. You can get the IOR of a material by looking at the table below. I provide the IOR of the most common materials.
To make your material more realistic, you calculate your specular based on (or with respect to) the value of IOR using this equation: specular = ((ior−1)/(ior+1))^2 / 0.08
Alternatively, you can put the IOR value in the field below, and the value of the specular can be calculated. There is no need to use your own calculator.
You can also calculate the value of the specular using some math nodes as shown in the picture. You can also download the .blend file that has this material instead of re-creating the node setup again. This will have the feature of live update. So, when you change the value of IOR, the specular value will be updated automatically. However, you will not need this live update feature most of the time. So, If you feel like you don't want to have a lot of nodes in your matrial setup, you can use the calculator or the tool provided above.
Click Here To download the .blend file
Table of IOR of the most common materials
| Common Materials | IOR | Specular | ||
| Min | Max | Min | Max | |
| Acrylic glass | 2.417 | 1.492 | 2.1496 | 0.4872 |
| Air | 1 | 0 | ||
| Alcohol, Ethyl (grain) | 1.36 | 0.2909 | ||
| Aluminum | 1.39 | 1.44 | 0.3328 | 0.4065 |
| Asphalt | 1.635 | 0.7259 | ||
| Beer | 1.18 | 0.0852 | ||
| Copper | 2 | 2.43 | 1.3889 | 2.1727 |
| Diamond | 2.418 | 2.1514 | ||
| Emerald | 1.56 | 1.605 | 0.5981 | 0.6742 |
| Eye, Lens | 1.41 | 0.3618 | ||
| Glass | 1.5 | 0.5 | ||
| Glass, Pyrex | 1.474 | 0.4588 | ||
| Gold | 0.47 | 1.6249 | ||
| Ice | 1.309 | 0.2239 | ||
| Iron | 2.95 | 3.0464 | ||
| Ivory | 1.54 | 0.565 | ||
| Lead | 2.01 | 1.4074 | ||
| Lucite | 1.495 | 0.492 | ||
| Mercury (liquid) | 1.62 | 0.7 | ||
| Milk | 1.35 | 0.2773 | ||
| Nickel | 1.08 | 0.0185 | ||
| Nylon | 1.53 | 0.5486 | ||
| Pearl | 1.53 | 1.69 | 0.5486 | 0.8224 |
| Plastic | 1.46 | 0.4371 | ||
| Teflon | 1.35 | 1.38 | 0.2773 | 0.3187 |
| Titanium | 2.16 | 1.6844 | ||
| Vodka | 1.363 | 0.295 | ||
| Water (35 deg C) | 1.325 | 0.2442 | ||
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